micro
vendredi 5 octobre 2012
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PhysiqueDéfinition sous license CC-BY-SA 3.0 A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | + Retour page glossaire »Microcontrôleurmicrocontrôleur bus circuit intégré de données sous-program
A microcontrôleur east a circuit intégré rassemblant dans un même boitier a microprocesseur, plusieurs types de Mémoires de communication et des Périphériques (Entrées-Sorties).
Selon a arrêté français du 14 septembre 1990 à relatif the terminology des composants électroniques [1]: "Circuit intégré comprenant essentiellement a microprocesseur, ses memoires et des éléments personnalisés selon the application."
The Motorola 68HC11, ici en boîtier PLCC, est un microcontrôleur repute.
Structure of a système à microprocesseur
A microprocesseur a besoin de certains éléments pour fonctionner:
de la mémoire death say ROM (principalement pour the stocker program);
de la mémoire lives say RAM (principalement pour les stocker variables);
des Périphériques (principalement pour Interact avec le monde extérieur).
one horloge pour le cadencer (principalement à quartz)
Ces sont différents blocs Relies par 3 bus:
the bus here allow adresse au microprocesseur de mémoire sélectionner the houses ou le périphérique auquel the veut accéder lire pour une ou écrire information (instruction ou donne);
the bus transfert de données des informations here allow the entre les différents blocs; ces informations seront des données soit des instructions soit en provenance ou ou à destination de la mémoire des Périphériques;
the bus de contrôle indique here is the opération en cours est une lecture ou une écriture, is a périphérique demande une interruption etc.
The fonctionnement the east suivant:
À la mise en route du système, the microprocesseur goes chercher dans la mémoire à l'adresse 0 (pour la plupart des processeurs) à la première instruction executer;
the stocke dans cette instruction registre an internal appelé registre of instructions;
Execute the instruction cette;
puis en consultant registre pointeur of the instruction is the instruction chercher suivante, etc..
Traditionnellement, ces composants Integres sont dans des circuits distincts. Le développement of a tel système à base de microprocesseur if trouve donc pénalisé par (list not exhaustive):
The nécessité de prévoir the interconnexion de ces composants (bus);
the place occupée physiquement par les composants et les moyens of interconnexion;
the Consumer énergétique;
dégagée la chaleur;
coût the financier.
Les microcontrôleurs améliorent the intégration et le coût (Lie la conception et à la réalisation) of a système à base de microprocesseur rassemblant en ces éléments essentiels dans un seul circuit intégré. On parle de alors "système sur une puce" (en anglais: "System on Chip"). Dans la suite, nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux microcontrôleurs 8 bits, c'est-à-dire ceux dont bus de données et comportent 8 bits 16 bits adresses the bus.
Périphériques
Les Périphériques sont des circuits électroniques Integres au microcontrôleur capables of effectuer des tâches spécifiques. On peut mentionner entre autres:
les convertisseurs Analogique / Numérique (donnent a nombre binaire à partir d'une tension électrique);
les convertisseurs Numérique / Analogique (opération reverse);
générateurs de les Signaux a modulation de largeur of impulsion (MLI, ou en Anglais pour PWM Pulse Width Modulation);
les timers (compteurs de temps ou d'événements);
les comparateurs (comparent deux Tensions électriques);
contrôleurs de les bus (UART, IIC, SSP);
les oscillateurs (servent de base de temps aux timers).
The fonctionnement des Périphériques peut être parameterized et commande par le program et / ou les entrées-sorties. Les Périphériques peuvent will generate one interruption here contraint the processeur a quitter the program mainly effectuer pour une routine interruption.
Jeu d'instructions
On peut les classer instructions qu'un microcontrôleur east capable of effectuer en quelques groupes.
Instructions de transfert
différents
Ces sont différents blocs Relies par 3 bus:
the bus here allow adresse au microprocesseur de mémoire sélectionner the houses ou le périphérique auquel the veut accéder lire pour une ou écrire information (instruction ou donne);
the bus transfert de données des informations here allow the entre les différents blocs; ces informations seront des données soit des instructions soit en provenance ou ou à destination de la mémoire des Périphériques;
the bus de contrôle indique here is the opération en cours est une lecture ou une écriture, is a périphérique demande une interruption etc.
Microcontrôl
catégories
Techniques
Aéronautique
Transports
Espace
energy
Multimédia
architecture
Sciences
Mathématiques
physique
Astrophysique
Astronomy
Terre et Vie
Encore plus ...
Autres Sujets
retro
Techno-Science.net
Espace Membre
Anti-spam
Partners
organismes
CEA
CNES
CNRS
INSU-CNRS
ESA
Observatoire Paris
Web Sites
Allons-Sortir.fr
Sur la Toile
HD-Numérique
Photo Mystérieuse
this représente
cette image?
PhysiqueDéfinition sous license CC-BY-SA 3.0 A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | + Retour page glossaire »Microcontrôleurmicrocontrôleur bus circuit intégré de données sous-program
A microcontrôleur east a circuit intégré rassemblant dans un même boitier a microprocesseur, plusieurs types de Mémoires de communication et des Périphériques (Entrées-Sorties).
Selon a arrêté français du 14 septembre 1990 à relatif the terminology des composants électroniques [1]: "Circuit intégré comprenant essentiellement a microprocesseur, ses memoires et des éléments personnalisés selon the application."
The Motorola 68HC11, ici en boîtier PLCC, est un microcontrôleur repute.
Structure of a système à microprocesseur
A microprocesseur a besoin de certains éléments pour fonctionner:
de la mémoire death say ROM (principalement pour the stocker program);
de la mémoire lives say RAM (principalement pour les stocker variables);
des Périphériques (principalement pour Interact avec le monde extérieur).
one horloge pour le cadencer (principalement à quartz)
vendredi 2 septembre 2011
lundi 11 avril 2011
pin diagrams
For
In the following figure, we find Almicrockntrulr with the name ofevery man
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As we Valmicrockntrulr contains 18 men and the usefulness of each man are as follows:
1 - RA2 second man in the port A
2 - RA3 third man in the port A
3 - RA4 man-fourth of the port A and has additional functionality isTOCK used as temporary or oscillator
4 - MCLR a RESET INPUT and the line above indicates that itworks in the case of a turning point from a positive value to zero, and delivers the VPP, a voltage required for programming micro
5 - VSS line Ground GROUND
6 - RB0 men zero in the port B and has additional functionality and are used in the work of the INTERRUPT
7 - RB1 first man in the port B
8 - RB2 men in the second port B
9-RB3 third man in the port B
10-RB4 fourth man in the port B
11 - RB5 fifth man in the port B
12 - RB6 sixth men in the port B which is used to enter the time toAlmicrockntrulr
13-RB7 seventh man in the port B Tstkhm in which a data entry
14-Vdd reach a positive effort
15-OSC1 reach Palmzbzb
16 - OSC2 reach Palmzbzb
17 - RA0 men zero in the port A
18 - RA1 first man in the port A
In the following figure, we find Almicrockntrulr with the name ofevery man
As we Valmicrockntrulr contains 18 men and the usefulness of each man are as follows:
1 - RA2 second man in the port A
2 - RA3 third man in the port A
3 - RA4 man-fourth of the port A and has additional functionality isTOCK used as temporary or oscillator
4 - MCLR a RESET INPUT and the line above indicates that itworks in the case of a turning point from a positive value to zero, and delivers the VPP, a voltage required for programming micro
5 - VSS line Ground GROUND
6 - RB0 men zero in the port B and has additional functionality and are used in the work of the INTERRUPT
7 - RB1 first man in the port B
8 - RB2 men in the second port B
9-RB3 third man in the port B
10-RB4 fourth man in the port B
11 - RB5 fifth man in the port B
12 - RB6 sixth men in the port B which is used to enter the time toAlmicrockntrulr
13-RB7 seventh man in the port B Tstkhm in which a data entry
14-Vdd reach a positive effort
15-OSC1 reach Palmzbzb
16 - OSC2 reach Palmzbzb
17 - RA0 men zero in the port A
18 - RA1 first man in the port A
very nice pub from Google click her
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Complete the components of micro PIC16f84
Grandfather of distribution legs Almicrockntrulr the man No. 4 used in the work of the reset and this word means re-Micro to develop his well-known and so when it is Almicrockntrulr in a strange or inaccurate results.
As we have stated previously that the line above the word means the work of MCLR reset the micro in the case that these men equal to zero and not 1The following figure shows the circuit used in this
The Service is a more detailed
It also happens to Micro reset in the following cases1 - when you run it and connect it to the source of the ability of2 - When you use the SLEEP3 - when there is an increase of the Watchdog4 - at least when the power source for the required value
In industrial applications, the power source to be irregular and constantly changing, so it will not happen, but the reset after 72 seconds of the stability of the power source until Etjb work without needless Rest
Described in the following figure
Central Processing UnitCPU
In this section we'll examine the CPU more detail as it represents a brain Almicrockntrulr part responsible for the fetch and carry out the instructions and installed the program described in the following figure:
It should be noted that when a programmer writing a program, the instructions are given for example in the picture following MOVLW 0 × 20, but these instructions are not understood by the microMust therefore be converted to zero and one, and this formula is called opcode that is understood by a micro.
The process of converting characters to the formula opcode is done by the translator or interpreter is sometimes called the assembler.There is also a Balmicrockntrulr sub-unit called the unit of account and logic ALU, which is responsible for calculations and logical operations, and also the implementation of the transfers and the transfer of data to and from registered In the following figure to see and unit of account and reason, where enters her instruction to be performed from instruction register with the condition and status of the instruction the previous status register and then you eject the outputs to the working register.
In the following figure we see the overall structure of parts of the Micro Kntrulr
STATUS Register
One of the most important recorders found in AlmikirkntrulrBut let's now take a look at the existing registered in AlmicrockntrulrIt is illustrated in the following figure:
We note from the previous format and the presence of a double-digit Bank 0, which is used to dealing with them and Bank 1 is an exact copy of the Bank 0And also divided the data memory to the upper part and lower partThe upper part of 00h, which is 11 to 0bh place is called
Special Function Registers(SFR)Is to control the micro and external devices relatedAnd the lower part is called
General Purpose Registers (GPR)Which considers RAM Cram
As we can see the Registrar STATUS exist at the address 03h and can also be used at the address 83hAnd also installed as the following:
As is clear from the figure that contains 8-bit and now we will begin to identify each bit and its function on its own
bit 0 C (Carry) Transfer
And be equal to 1 when there is an increase in the output of any calculation of any output increase of 255, a 8-bit available in this case puts the micro in this action 1 because it does not find a place to store the resultingIn the case do not exceed 255, the value of this bit remains 0
This decision is very important and is called Carry Flag
bit 1 DC (Digit Carry) DC Transfer
Powell is a special 4-bit where a value of 1 if the result is more than 15 It means that a product may be consumed in the first 4-bit and will store it in the remaining 4 bits in the case of the contrary be worth equal to zero
bit 2 Z (Zero bit) Indication of a zero result
This bit is used to illustrate the result of any calculation or logical operation is zeroAnd be equal to 1 when the output of operations is equal to 0And the value is equal to 0 when the output processes are not equal to 0
bit 3 PD(Power-down bit)
Be the value of this bit equal to 1 when the micro starts to work after the reset and be zero when it starts operating in the reconstruction and the implementation is SLEEP and the implementation of this would be when you lack the required capacity.
bit 4 TO Time-out; Watchdog overflow.
Be equal to its value when one end of the reboot and execute a command SLEEP and become equal to zero when the value is up to us a specific error Watchdog
bit6: 5 RP1: RP0(Register Bank Select bits)
As noted in the distribution of recorders that there is the so-called Bank0 Bank1 These two Pathans and allow us the process of selecting the bank zero or bank oneIt should be noted that the memory addresses Ttanthy Title FFh This is equal to 255, we find that Almikr PIC16f84 has 256 Hence we will need only one bit is either RP0 RP1 are not used, but has been developed for the future development and are always worth zeroRP0 either be 1 when we use Bank 1 and be 0 when we use Bank 0
bit 7 IRP(Register Bank Select bit)
Itstkhaddm and in the case of addresses where the indirect selection of the work required by the Bank
As we have stated previously that the line above the word means the work of MCLR reset the micro in the case that these men equal to zero and not 1The following figure shows the circuit used in this
The Service is a more detailed
It also happens to Micro reset in the following cases1 - when you run it and connect it to the source of the ability of2 - When you use the SLEEP3 - when there is an increase of the Watchdog4 - at least when the power source for the required value
In industrial applications, the power source to be irregular and constantly changing, so it will not happen, but the reset after 72 seconds of the stability of the power source until Etjb work without needless Rest
Described in the following figure
Central Processing UnitCPU
In this section we'll examine the CPU more detail as it represents a brain Almicrockntrulr part responsible for the fetch and carry out the instructions and installed the program described in the following figure:
It should be noted that when a programmer writing a program, the instructions are given for example in the picture following MOVLW 0 × 20, but these instructions are not understood by the microMust therefore be converted to zero and one, and this formula is called opcode that is understood by a micro.
The process of converting characters to the formula opcode is done by the translator or interpreter is sometimes called the assembler.There is also a Balmicrockntrulr sub-unit called the unit of account and logic ALU, which is responsible for calculations and logical operations, and also the implementation of the transfers and the transfer of data to and from registered In the following figure to see and unit of account and reason, where enters her instruction to be performed from instruction register with the condition and status of the instruction the previous status register and then you eject the outputs to the working register.
In the following figure we see the overall structure of parts of the Micro Kntrulr
STATUS Register
One of the most important recorders found in AlmikirkntrulrBut let's now take a look at the existing registered in AlmicrockntrulrIt is illustrated in the following figure:
We note from the previous format and the presence of a double-digit Bank 0, which is used to dealing with them and Bank 1 is an exact copy of the Bank 0And also divided the data memory to the upper part and lower partThe upper part of 00h, which is 11 to 0bh place is called
Special Function Registers(SFR)Is to control the micro and external devices relatedAnd the lower part is called
General Purpose Registers (GPR)Which considers RAM Cram
As we can see the Registrar STATUS exist at the address 03h and can also be used at the address 83hAnd also installed as the following:
As is clear from the figure that contains 8-bit and now we will begin to identify each bit and its function on its own
bit 0 C (Carry) Transfer
And be equal to 1 when there is an increase in the output of any calculation of any output increase of 255, a 8-bit available in this case puts the micro in this action 1 because it does not find a place to store the resultingIn the case do not exceed 255, the value of this bit remains 0
This decision is very important and is called Carry Flag
bit 1 DC (Digit Carry) DC Transfer
Powell is a special 4-bit where a value of 1 if the result is more than 15 It means that a product may be consumed in the first 4-bit and will store it in the remaining 4 bits in the case of the contrary be worth equal to zero
bit 2 Z (Zero bit) Indication of a zero result
This bit is used to illustrate the result of any calculation or logical operation is zeroAnd be equal to 1 when the output of operations is equal to 0And the value is equal to 0 when the output processes are not equal to 0
bit 3 PD(Power-down bit)
Be the value of this bit equal to 1 when the micro starts to work after the reset and be zero when it starts operating in the reconstruction and the implementation is SLEEP and the implementation of this would be when you lack the required capacity.
bit 4 TO Time-out; Watchdog overflow.
Be equal to its value when one end of the reboot and execute a command SLEEP and become equal to zero when the value is up to us a specific error Watchdog
bit6: 5 RP1: RP0(Register Bank Select bits)
As noted in the distribution of recorders that there is the so-called Bank0 Bank1 These two Pathans and allow us the process of selecting the bank zero or bank oneIt should be noted that the memory addresses Ttanthy Title FFh This is equal to 255, we find that Almikr PIC16f84 has 256 Hence we will need only one bit is either RP0 RP1 are not used, but has been developed for the future development and are always worth zeroRP0 either be 1 when we use Bank 1 and be 0 when we use Bank 0
bit 7 IRP(Register Bank Select bit)
Itstkhaddm and in the case of addresses where the indirect selection of the work required by the Bank
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8 - (object OLE) if you want to store formatted text or long documents, or images such as a staff member
You must create a field OLE
9 - (Lookup Wizard) to configure the drop-down list the user the option to choose from one of several options
10 - (hyperlink) to put links to move to a file or a page or Mail
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